BEHAVIOR Vision Suite: Customizable Dataset Generation via Simulation

Yunhao Ge1,2,†
Yihe Tang1,†
Jiashu Xu3,†
Cem Gokmen1,†
Chengshu Li1
Wensi Ai1
Benjamin Jose Martinez1
Arman Aydin1
Mona Anvari1
Ayush K Chakravarthy1
Hong-Xing Yu1
Josiah Wong1
Sanjana Srivastava1
Sharon Lee1
Shengxin Zha4
Laurent Itti2
Yunzhu Li1,7
Roberto Martín-Martín6
Miao Liu4
Pengchuan Zhang5
Ruohan Zhang1
Li Fei-Fei1
Jiajun Wu1

CVPR 2024 (Highlight)

1Stanford University 2University of Southern California 3Harvard University 4GenAI, Meta 5FAIR, Meta
6The University of Texas at Austin 7The University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign

†Equal Contribution

 arXiv  PDF  tl;dr  Code

Scene traversal with comprehensive annotations.
Scene instance augmentation.
Parateric model evaluation.
Object relationship prediction trained with generated data.

Abstract

The systematic evaluation and understanding of computer vision models under varying conditions require large amounts of data with comprehensive and customized labels, which real-world vision datasets rarely satisfy. While current synthetic data generators offer a promising alternative, particularly for embodied AI tasks, they often fall short for computer vision tasks due to low asset and rendering quality, limited diversity, and unrealistic physical properties. BEHAVIOR Vision Suite supports a large number of adjustable parameters at the scene level (e.g., lighting, object placement), the object level (e.g., joint configuration, attributes such as "filled" and "folded"), and the camera level (e.g., field of view, focal length). Researchers can arbitrarily vary these parameters during data generation to perform controlled experiments. We showcase three example application scenarios: systematically evaluating the robustness of models across different continuous axes of domain shift, evaluating scene understanding models on the same set of images, and training and evaluating simulation-to-real transfer for a novel vision task: unary and binary state prediction.

Overview

Overview of BEHAVIOR Vision Suite (BVS), our proposed toolkit for computer vision research. BVS builds upon the extended object assets and scene instances from BEHAVIOR-1K, and provides a customizable data generator that allows users to generate photorealistic, physically plausible labeled data in a controlled manner. We demonstrate BVS with three representative applications.

Extended BEHAVIOR-1K assets

Covering a wide range of object categories and scene types, our 3D assets have high visual and physical fidelity and rich annotations of semantic properties, allowing us to generate 1,000+ realistic scene configurations.

Scene Instance Augmentation

We enables the generation of diverse scene variations by altering furniture object models and incorporating additional everyday objects. Specifically, it can swap scene objects with alternative models from the same category, which are grouped based on visual and functional similarities. This randomization significantly varies scene appearances while maintaining layouts’ semantic integrity.

Application: Holistic Scene Understanding

One of the major advantages of synthetic datasets, including BVS, is that they offer various types of labels (segmentation masks, depth maps, and bounding boxes) for the same sets of input images. We believe that this feature can fuel the development of versatile vision models that can perform multiple perception tasks at the same time in the future.

Holistic Scene Understanding Dataset. We generated extensive traversal videos across representative scenes, each with 10+ camera trajectories.For each image, BVS generates various labels (e.g., scene graphs, segmentation masks, depth).

Application: Parametric Model Evaluation

Parametric model evaluation is essential for developing and understanding perception models, enabling a systematic assessment of performance robustness against various domain shifts. Leveraging the flexibility of the simulator, our generator extends parametric evaluation to more diverse axes, including scene, camera, and object state changes.

Parametric Model Evaluation - Articulation.

Parametric Model Evaluation - Visibility.

Parametric Model Evaluation - Lighting.

Parametric Model Evaluation - Zoom.

Parametric Model Evaluation - Pitch.

Application: Object States and Relations Prediction

Users can also leverage BVS to generate training data with specific object configurations that are difficult to accumulate or annotate in the real world. We illustrates BVS’s practical application in synthesizing a dataset that facilitates the training of a vision model capable of zero-shot transfer to real-world images on the task of object relationship prediction.

Object relationship prediction model trained with BVS generated data.

Conclusion

We have introduced the BEHAVIOR Vision Suite (BVS), a novel toolkit designed for the systematic evaluation and comprehensive understanding of computer vision models. BVS enables researchers to control a wide range of parameters across scene, object, and camera levels, facilitating the creation of highly customized datasets. Our experiments highlight BVS's versatility and efficacy through three key applications. First, we show its ability to evaluate model robustness against various domain shifts, underscoring its value in systematically assessing model performance under challenging conditions. Second, we present comprehensive benchmarking of scene understanding models on a unified dataset, illustrating the potential for developing multi-task models using a single BVS dataset. Lastly, we investigate BVS's role in facilitating sim2real transfer for novel vision tasks, including object states and relations prediction. BVS highlights synthetic data's promise in advancing the field, offering researchers the means to generate high-quality, diverse, and realistic datasets tailored to specific needs.

Acknowledgement

We are grateful to SVL members for their helpful feedback and insightful discussions. The work is in part supported by the Stanford Institute for Human-Centered AI (HAI), NSF CCRI #2120095, RI #2338203, ONR MURI N00014-22-1-2740, N00014-21-1-2801, Amazon, Amazon ML Fellowship, and Nvidia.

BibTeX

@article{ge2024behavior,
    title={BEHAVIOR Vision Suite: Customizable Dataset Generation via Simulation},
    author={Ge, Yunhao and Tang, Yihe and Xu, Jiashu and Gokmen, Cem and Li, Chengshu and Ai, Wensi and Martinez, Benjamin Jose and Aydin, Arman and Anvari, Mona and Chakravarthy, Ayush K and others},
    journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2405.09546},
    year={2024}
}